Thursday, October 28, 2010

DREDGING & COMMERCIAL SAND PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE OPPORTUNTIES.

From June, 2013 Foraminifera Market Research would start publishing our E- magazine. The magazine would focus on investment and business opportunity in Nigeria. Be the first to get hot investment and business opportunities in Nigeria by subscribing to our E- Magazine, Investing in Nigeria.

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DREDGING AND SAND STOCK PILING IN NIGERIA; HOW VIABLE?

It is widely agreed that one of the most basic needs of man is shelter and in time past man has experienced with different material in order to meet with his housing needs. In modern day history, the use of cement along with sand and gravel as come to be accepted as one of the best construction raw material because they provide durability, firmness and can withstand harsh weather conditions though other materials like steel and glass are also used.

The ever increasing deficit in housing supply in Nigeria which is estimated at over sixteen million {16,000,000} units and the need for the construction of other important infrastructure if the country is to meet up with the vision 20:2020 project of becoming amongst the top 20 economies in the world by 2020 continues to drive the need to sand, an essential construction raw material and the need for the use of modern equipment in the production of sand, in order to meet with demands.

Dredging is simply digging of mud, sand, gravel, pebbles, rocks and other deposit from the bottom of the creek, lagoon sand waterways using a vessel equipped for such purpose called a ‘DREDGER’’, such dug up materials depending on the type could be used for reclamation of swampy terrain, building and construction works.

Sharps sand and gravel can be mine using a dredger to reclaim vast expanse of swampy land and stock piled for sales. Sand dredging is vital for human habit and survival, industrial and social development, and for meeting the consumption need of our rapidly growing population.

Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. The composition of sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz.

Though there are no reliable figures on the annual production in Nigeria, it is generally agreed that there has been an increased in production in order to meet up with increasing demands .In Nigeria and mostly in the oil and gas industry where they are used to make waterways more navigatable, Dredgers are required in commercial sand production.

Dredging activities produces lots of sand which are required in construction and other important activities. A dredge is a device for scraping or sucking the seabed, used for dredging. A dredger is a ship or boat equipped with a dredge.

There are generally two types of dredger

The intermittent
The continuous

The former alternatively digs and lift the load while the latter digs continuously, raising and transporting the materials at the same time.

The hydraulic dredger belongs to the continuous class. It cuts and sucks up the materials from the bottom of the river by means of a ladder mounted cutter head and suction pipe  connected to a powerful suction pump that transport it through a floating pipeline  to shore, where land pipes finally transport the materials to the dumpsite or stockpiling areas.

Dredgers from manufacturers like ELLICOT & IHC are the most demanded in Nigeria for its performance and durability but cost more to acquire , Dredgers from china are less reliable and are relatively cheaper to acquire.

Dredging business is on a high demand in Bayelsa, Rivers and Lagos states of Nigeria. In Lagos state, the dredging industry has been segment into three {3} categories

Category A -- Dredging Firms only
Category B --- Dredging and sand seller only and
Category C - Manual dredgers only

Category A – Dredging Firms Only

Application for dredging addressed to the Honourable Commissioner Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development.
Payment of application fee of N50,000 [fifty thousand Naira only]
Provide detailed description of proposed dredging location.
Provide of the Enviromental Impact Analsis Report.
Provide Hydrographic survey.
Bathymetric survey of the proposed location.
Copies of current tax clearance certificate.

Approval will be subject to the payment of the following fees:

(a) Ajah axis (i) Payment of the sum of N1,000,000.00 (One million Naira) per annum.

(ii) Proof of Ownership or Access to Portable Barges

(b) Ikorodu axis (i) Payment of the sum of N750,000.00 (Seven Hundred and fifty thousand Naira) per annum

(c) Badagry /Epe axis: (i) Payment of the sum of N500,000.00 (Five Hundred Thousand Naira) per annum.

Category B – Dredging / Sand Sellers Only

Application for dredging addressed to the Honorable Commissioner, Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development.
Payment of application fee of N50,000.00 [Bank Draft]
Provide detailed description of proposed dredging location.
Provide the Enviromental Impact Analysis report.
Provide hydrographic survey.
Bathymetric survey of the proposed location.
Copies of current tax clearance certificate.

Approval will be subject to the payment of the sum of the following fees.

Ajah axis (i) payment of the sum of N1, 000,000.00[One million Naira].

(ii) Proof of ownership or access to portable barges

(b) Ikorodu axis: Payment of the sum of N750,000:00 (Seven Hundred and fifty thousand Naira) per annum.

(c) Badagry / Epe axis: Payment of the sum of N500,000:00 (Five Hundred Thousand Naira) per annum.

Category C - Manual dredgers only

Application for dredging addressed to the Honorable Commissioner, Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development.
Payment of application fee of N50,000.00 [Bank Draft]
Provide detailed description of proposed dredging location.
Proof of ownership of land.
Perimeter survey.
Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA).
Report on dredging process to be adopted.

Approval will be subjected to the payment of the following fees:

Ajah axis: (i) Payment of the sum of N200,000:00 (Two Hundred Thousand Naira) per annum.

(ii) Proof of access to Portable Barges.

Ikorodu axis: Payment of the sum of N100,000:00 [One Hundred Thousand Naira) per annum.

(c) Badagry / Epe axis: Payment of the sum of N50,000:00 (Fifty Thousand Naira) per annum.

Do you know you can access to over 50 market research reports and our monthly E- Magazine for 12 months for just N 5,000?

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At Foraminifera Market Research {www.foramfera.com}, we provide bespoke and up to date market research reports for start-ups and those already in business.

Our reports are designed to assist start-ups to understand the legal and financial requirements of starting the business, the market trends vis-a-vis demand and supply, competition, risk identification and mitigation strategies.

You can order our detailed feasibility report on sand dredging in Nigeria by clicking on the link below.

Report Title: DREDGING AND SAND STOCK PILLING IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT.

Report Code: FORA/2014/DREDGINGINNIGERIA/0445246

Do you require one- on- one consultancy on the subject matter? Contact us with any of the details provided below to arrange a meeting

Office Phone Number: 01- 295 24 13 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 5 pm}
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CC: foraminiferamarketresearch@yahoo.com

Office Address:
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA

Our human development training programmes are designed to assist our client set-up their respective business on a sound footing.

The training cuts across different segment of the economy to include Agriculture, Export and Import, Food and Beverage, Manufacturing, Mining and Quarry, Oil and Gas, Retail Industry, Telecommunication, Tourism and Transportation and are facilitated by seasoned professionals in their respective fields.

Please do visit the link below to access available training programmes

http://foramfera.com/index.php/human-development-programmes-and-training-opportunity-in-nigeria

We prepare business plan, feasibility study and market report for the small and medium scale industries and develop the entrepreneurial capacity of our client with the aim of providing the much needed business data in Nigeria.

In keeping with our vision of providing services that adds value to our clients business and resources to develop their business into a strong and visible global brand, we would like to introduce to you to our sister websites

www.nigeriaoilandgasportal.com {The one stop for the oil and gas industry in Nigeria}
www.nigeriabusinessplace.com {Online Business Forum}

The details in this article is based on information from various sources that we believe are reliable; however no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing the articles, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors of fact or for any opinion expressed herein. The articles are for information purposes only. 

Foraminifera Market Research accepts no liability whatsoever for any direct or consequential loss arising from any use of the articles or its contents. 

The articles are for private circulation only and may only be distributed freely in its entire form. Any other use without the prior express consent of Foraminifera Market Research is prohibited.

QUALITY AND QUANTITY ASSURANCE AND CERTIFICATION IN THE SOLID MINERAL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA; THE OPPORTUNITIES.

From June, 2013 Foraminifera Market Research would start publishing our E- magazine. The magazine would focus on investment and business opportunity in Nigeria. Be the first to get hot investment and business opportunities in Nigeria by subscribing to our E- Magazine, Investing in Nigeria.

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QUALITY AND QUANTITY ASSURANCE AND CERTIFICATION IN THE SOLID MINERAL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA; THE OPPORTUNITIES.

So much as been said about the abundance of rich mineral deposits in Nigeria with little or no emphasis on the other sectors like quality and quantity assurance and certification, where investors can invest and make good returns on there investment.

In one of my article which borders on the investment opportunities in the solid minerals industry in Nigeria, I mentioned about five {5} investment windows and one of such areas is offering of quality and quantity assurance and certification services especially on the local trading of the minerals in Nigeria.

Most of the quality and quantity assurance and certification companies working in Nigeria Cotecna, SGS, and BV Veritas are usually export oriented, that is , they focus more on goods that are scheduled for export and at such most of the operations and offices are located very close to the ports in the country while most of the goods for export as with the case of solid minerals comes from the Northern part of the country where they are no ports and by effect ,this creates a lot of problem for traders whom are only interested in trading the products locally because of the existence of international buyers in the ground.

Like you know, most of the mining activities in Nigeria is centered in Jos and at the moment the most credible quality and quantity assurance and certification firm in Nigeria is Nigeria Mining Cooperation {NMC} locate in Turdun Wada, Jos. They most handle the quality aspect while the quantity can be done in NASCO in Jos where they have a weigh bridge or weighing done with the use of a scale. I can remember some times last year, when we had to conduct a test on a sample and unfortunately the machine in NMC developed some technical fault and because they are the most trust worthy quality and quantity assurance and certification company {at least, that I know of} in Nigeria, we had to wait for weeks before the fault could be rectified and our samples tested.

For the benefit of those who need to know, an attempt would be made to define mineral and metal ore so that they would better understand the need for quality and quantity assurance and certification. Mineral is an inorganic substance found in nature with a characteristics chemical composition and in some cases, of definite crystal structure. The earth crust contains rocks of different composition with different physical properties, some hard, some soft.

Rocks are the materials which the earth's upper crusts are made of. Rocks are themselves composed of minerals. Minerals are naturally occurring elements like Gold, or a compound such as Iron Oxide. If a rock contains a mineral from which a metal can be extracted at a profit, it is call an Ore. For example, copper Ore.

Given the above, it is therefore important to conduct quality and quantity test in order to ascertain the true content by percentage of the particular mineral of interest and given the local need for a credible quality and quantity assurance and certification firm, the business is highly required and desired.

Other services that can be considered by the investor include grinding and packaging services.

There is no doubt that quality and quantity assurance and certification is essential to the successful conclusion of a transparent transaction in the mineral ore trading business and any investors that invest in the quality and quantity assurance and certification business would no doubt have a growing and sustainable market.


To continue reading this article and other investment opportunities in Nigeria, please do click on the link below

QUALITY AND QUANTITY ASSURANCE AND CERTIFICATION IN THE SOLID MINERAL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA; THE OPPORTUNITIES.

Should you require a business plan on the subject matter, please do contact us through any of the means below. 

Office Phone Number: 01- 295 24 13 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 5 pm}
Mobile Number: +234 {0} 8033782777 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 6 pm}

E-Mail Address: enquiries@foramfera.com

Office Address: 

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Iyana Ejigbo Shopping Arcade,
Block C, Suit 39,
Iyana Ejigbo Bus Stop,
Ejigbo, Lagos.

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA

Our human development training programmes are designed to assist our client set-up their respective business on a sound footing.

The training cuts across different segment of the economy to include Agriculture, Export and Import, Food and Beverage, Manufacturing, Mining and Quarry, Oil and Gas, Retail Industry, Telecommunication, Tourism and Transportation and are facilitated by seasoned professionals in their respective fields.

Please do visit the link below to access available training programmes
Foraminifera Market Research is a dynamic market intelligence company providing comprehensive market research solutions and strategic intelligence services to start-ups and existing businesses in Nigeria.

We prepare business plan, feasibility study and market report for the small and medium scale industries and develop the entrepreneurial capacity of our client with the aim of providing the much needed business data in Nigeria.

In keeping with our vision of providing services that adds value to our clients business and resources to develop their business into a strong and visible global brand, we would like to introduce to you to our sister websites

www.nigeriaoilandgasportal.com {The one stop for the oil and gas industry in Nigeria}
www.marketreportportal.com {Marketing and Sales of Market Intelligence Report}
www.nigeriabusinessplace.com {Online Business Forum}

Monday, October 25, 2010

SALT PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA: THE OPPORTUNITIES.

From June, 2013 Foraminifera Market Research would start publishing our E- magazine. The magazine would focus on investment and business opportunity in Nigeria. Be the first to get hot investment and business opportunities in Nigeria by subscribing to our E- Magazine, Investing in Nigeria.

SOFT COPY SUBSCRIPTION

Annual subscription x 12 issues

Never miss another issue of Investing in Nigeria magazine. Get an Annual Subscription and get Investing in Nigeria magazine delivered direct to your E- Mail Address every month!

You would also have 12 months access to over 50 market intelligence reports on our website.
N5, 000 for 12 issues
Euro 25 for 12 issues
$32 for 12 issues

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For more on our subscription and membership package, please do visit http://www.foramfera.com/index.php/membership-zone

SALT PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA: THE OPPORTUNITIES.

Since the discovery of salt some hundreds of years ago, as an important commodity for domestic and industrial use, Nigeria still spends huge amount of foreign exchange on the importation of the commodity, either in processed or raw form. This is because Nigeria can not boast of a single salt processing industry in the country. There are only salt packaging industries in the country.

The country is blessed with natural brine in lakes, springs and saline and rock salt deposits which has been discovered in different parts of the country. In spite of the abundance of the sources of salt in the country, the processing of the commodity is still done locally by rural dwellers.

Salt is obtained from two sources: rock salt and brine. Rock salt is simply crystallized salt, also known as halite. It is the result of the evaporation of ancient oceans millions of years ago. Large deposits of rock salt are found in Nigeria.

Brine is water containing a high concentration of salt. The most obvious source of brine is the ocean, but it can also be obtained from salty lakes such as the Dead Sea and from underground pools of salt water. There are salt springs at Awe (Plateau State), Abakaliki (Ebonyi State) and Uburu (Imo State), while rock salt is available in Benue State. A total reserve of 1.5 billion tonnes has been indicated, and further investigations are now being carried out by government to ascertain the quantum of reserves.

The national demand for table salt, caustic soda, chlorine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hypochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide exceeds one million tonnes. A colossal amount of money is expended annually to import these chemicals by various companies including tanneries, food beverages, paper and pulp, bottling and other industries including the oil companies. Most table salt is iodized in order to provide the trace element iodine to the diet. This helps to prevent iodine deficiency disorder (IDD), including goiter, a disease of the thyroid gland.

To supply iodine, a small amount of potassium iodide or iodate is added. Table salt also contains a small amount of various chemicals used to keep the salt from absorbing water and caking. These chemicals include magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, calcium phosphate, magnesium silicate, and calcium carbonate.

Local technology now exist for the processing of salt in Nigeria , and some of the equipments required includes passive Solar Drier, which is made up of chimney, drying chamber, chamber door and flat plat collector. Others are thin layer evaporator; comprising of brine feed tanker, a chimney, fire box and combustion, fire box-door/damper, hot brine thermometer and cold brine.

Table salt, because they are met for human consumption requires to be registered with the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration, NAFDAC, the food drugs administration agency of the Nigerian Government in order to guarantee the safety of the product for human consumption.

The market for salt is a reflection of the population and Nigeria with a population of over 150 million people growing at an annual rate of 5.7% per annum has a large local market for the product. Salt can also be exported to other countries in Europe and America where can be used in the production of animal nutrition, roadway safety and water conditioning.

To continue reading this article and other investment opportunities in Nigeria, please do click on the link below

SALT PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA: THE OPPORTUNITIES.

Should you require a market research report on the above subject matter, please do contact us.

At Foraminifera Market Research {www.foramfera.com}, we provide bespoke and up to date market research reports for start-ups and those already in business.

Our reports are designed to assist start-ups to understand the legal and financial requirements of starting the business, the market trends vis-a-vis demand and supply, competition, risk identification and mitigation strategies. 

Do you require one- on- one consultancy on the subject matter? Contact us with any of the details provided below to arrange a meeting

Office Phone Number: 01- 295 24 13 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 5 pm}
Mobile Number: +234 {0} 8033782777 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 6 pm}

E-Mail Address: enquiries@foramfera.com

Office Address: 

61-65 Egbe- Isolo Road,
Iyana Ejigbo Shopping Arcade,
Block C, Suit 39,
Iyana Ejigbo Bus Stop,
Ejigbo, Lagos.

Like and Follow us on 



HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA

Our human development training programmes are designed to assist our client set-up their respective business on a sound footing.

The training cuts across different segment of the economy to include Agriculture, Export and Import, Food and Beverage, Manufacturing, Mining and Quarry, Oil and Gas, Retail Industry, Telecommunication, Tourism and Transportation and are facilitated by seasoned professionals in their respective fields.

Please do visit the link below to access available training programmes

Foraminifera Market Research is a dynamic market intelligence company providing comprehensive market research solutions and strategic intelligence services to start-ups and existing businesses in Nigeria.

We prepare business plan, feasibility study and market report for the small and medium scale industries and develop the entrepreneurial capacity of our client with the aim of providing the much needed business data in Nigeria.

In keeping with our vision of providing services that adds value to our clients business and resources to develop their business into a strong and visible global brand, we would like to introduce to you to our sister websites

www.nigeriaoilandgasportal.com {The one stop for the oil and gas industry in Nigeria}
www.marketreportportal.com {Marketing and Sales of Market Intelligence Report}
www.nigeriabusinessplace.com {Online Business Forum}


Monday, October 18, 2010

TIN ORE TRADING AND EXPORT: THE OPPORTUNITIES.

From June, 2013 Foraminifera Market Research would start publishing our E- magazine. The magazine would focus on investment and business opportunity in Nigeria. Be the first to get hot investment and business opportunities in Nigeria by subscribing to our E- Magazine, Investing in Nigeria.

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Never miss another issue of Investing in Nigeria magazine. Get an Annual Subscription and get Investing in Nigeria magazine delivered direct to your E- Mail Address every month!

You would also have 12 months access to over 50 market intelligence reports on our website.
N5, 000 for 12 issues
Euro 25 for 12 issues
$32 for 12 issues

Subscribe Now!

For more on our subscription and membership package, please do visit http://www.foramfera.com/index.php/membership-zone

TIN ORE TRADING AND EXPORT: THE OPPORTUNITIES.

The solid mineral industry in Nigeria has great potential based on the geological survey and proven reserve of different mineral that have been discovered in the country.

Tin Ore has been mined since colonial times and is one of the most versatile metals commonly used in industry. Tin ore (cassiterite or tinstone) is obtained mostly from the younger granites in the northern parts of the country and has been largely won from old stream channel deposits (placers) on the Jos Plateau and around younger granite masses in Bauchi, Kaduna, Kano and Benue States. Pegmatites in Cross River, Oyo, Niger, Kwara and Plateau States had also supplied tin in the past.

Though it is difficult to actually estimate the tin reserve in the country because most of the mining is still done by artisanal miners with no little or no interest in gathering data and conducting geological survey of mine deposit, an estimated 10,546 tones have been found in Plateau State. Tin ore are mainly used in plating, production of tin oxide used in paint, paper and ink industries, production of tin oxide resistors, electric lead wires.

Tin ore or Gusa {In Hausa} has both local and international market and investment opportunities exist in the buying and selling, mining and processing of the products. An investor can choose to buy and sell the product to processors or choose to own a mine or operate a processing plant that would add value to the product for a better price.

The buying and selling requires less capital compared to owning a mine or operation a processing plant. Tin ore requires dressing in order to concentrate it and at such the capital requirement for establishing this business would depend on which market the investor wants to operate in.

In international trade the product is at the centre of the contract because that is what the buyer wants and they need it in certain Quality /Quantity which ultimately affects the price. For the purpose of this write-up, we would only concentrate of the percentage of the tin in the ore. It is important at these to state there are high and low grade tin ore. The high grade starts from 5% of tin content and above while the low grade starts from 1 to 5.

Pro- Rata are used to ensure that the miner/seller gets paid according to the percentage of tin in the ore ,that is, for every 1% Increase /Decrease in tin content, the price would Increase /Decrease by a certain price agreed by the parties involved.

TYPICAL ASSAY - QUALITY SPECIFICATION:

On dry basis Guaranteed (% by weight) Rejection

Tin ore (Sn) 5% up(including5%) 5% below
Cu ≤0.30% >0.30%
Sb ≤0.30% >0.30%
F ≤0.10% >0.10%
Bi ≤0.10% >0.10%
As ≤1.50% >1.50%
Pb ≤1.00% >1.00%

Radioactivity <200CPMby“inspection alert” & 200CPM

Packaging is usually in 50 Kg since the price is quoted in Metric tons. 1000/KG makes 1 ton and this helps in easy containerization of the goods since most shipping company prefer to carry 20 tons in 20 feet container. In shipping mineral ores, 20 feet container is usually preferred because of the weight of the ores.

To continue reading this article and other investment opportunities in Nigeria, please do click on the link below

TIN ORE TRADING AND EXPORT: THE OPPORTUNITIES.

Do you know you can access to over 50 market intelligence reports and our monthly E- Magazine for 12 months for just N 5,000?

Click on the link below to know more about this offer.

Can you supply tin ore from Nigeria and you are seeking for export contract? Then use our business process outsourcing service. Contact us with the details given below with the subject line as TIN ORE EXPORT IN NIGERIA: TIN ORE EXPORT CONTRACT.

At Foraminifera Market Research {www.foramfera.com}, we provide bespoke and up to date market research reports for beginners and exporters already in the commodity export market.

Our reports are designed to assist start-ups to understand the legal and financial requirements of starting the business, the market trends vis-a-vis demand and supply, competition, risk identification and mitigation strategies. 

You can order our detailed feasibility report on the export of tin ore in Nigeria by clicking on the link below.

Report Code: FORA/08/2011/041

Do you require one- on- one training on the subject matter? Contact us with any of the details provided below to arrange a meeting

Office Phone Number: 01- 295 24 13 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 5 pm}
Mobile Number: +234 {0} 8033782777 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 6 pm}

E-Mail Address: enquiries@foramfera.com
 
Office Address: 

61-65 Egbe- Isolo Road,
Iyana Ejigbo Shopping Arcade,
Block C, Suit 39,
Iyana Ejigbo Bus Stop,
Ejigbo, Lagos.

Like and Follow us on 



HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA

Our human development training programmes are designed to assist our client set-up their respective business on a sound footing.

The training cuts across different segment of the economy to include Agriculture, Export and Import, Food and Beverage, Manufacturing, Mining and Quarry, Oil and Gas, Retail Industry, Telecommunication, Tourism and Transportation and are facilitated by seasoned professionals in their respective fields.

Please do visit the link below to access available training programmes
Foraminifera Market Research is a dynamic market intelligence company providing comprehensive market research solutions and strategic intelligence services to start-ups and existing businesses in Nigeria.

We prepare business plan, feasibility study and market report for the small and medium scale industries and develop the entrepreneurial capacity of our client with the aim of providing the much needed business data in Nigeria.

In keeping with our vision of providing services that adds value to our clients business and resources to develop their business into a strong and visible global brand, we would like to introduce to you to our sister websites

www.nigeriaoilandgasportal.com { The one stop for the oil and gas industry in Nigeria}
www.marketreportportal.com { Marketing and Sales of Market Intelligence Report}
www.nigeriabusinessplace.com {Online Business Forum}

Friday, October 15, 2010

NIOBIUM ORE MINING AND PROCESSING IN NIGERIA; THE OPPORTUNITIES.

From June, 2013 Foraminifera Market Research would start publishing our E- magazine. The magazine would focus on investment and business opportunity in Nigeria. Be the first to get hot investment and business opportunities in Nigeria by subscribing to our E- Magazine, Investing in Nigeria.

SOFT COPY SUBSCRIPTION

Annual subscription x 12 issues

Never miss another issue of Investing in Nigeria magazine. Get an Annual Subscription and get Investing in Nigeria magazine delivered direct to your E- Mail Address every month!

You would also have 12 months access to over 50 market intelligence reports on our website.
N5, 000 for 12 issues
Euro 25 for 12 issues
$32 for 12 issues

Subscribe Now!

For more on our subscription and membership package, please do visit http://www.foramfera.com/index.php/membership-zone

NIOBIUM ORE MINING AND PROCESSING IN NIGERIA; THE OPPORTUNITIES.

Nigeria is endowed with numerous mineral resources and in order to increase the less than 1% solid minerals sector currently contributes to the Gross Domestic Product {GDP} of the country, Nigeria needs to make concerted effort to drive investment in the mining and processing {beneficiation} of the over thirty five {35} commercially available minerals that have been discovered in the country.

Niobium ore is one of such mineral and as been mined as columbite for a long time in Nigeria. Columbite, an ore for niobium, occurs in association with tin deposits on the Jos Plateau, and in Bauchi and Kano states. Nigeria is among the world's leading exporters of columbite with proven reserves of 14,000 tones.

Niobium Ore (Nb2O5) is used principally as an additive to improve the strength and corrosion resistance of steel. Due to its refractive nature, it has gained application in jet engine components manufacture, rocket assemblies, and heat resisting and combustion equipment.

Niobium ores contain a certain quantity of tantalum. A distinction is made between niobium ores, in which the Nb2O5: Ta2O5 ratio is greater than 20:1, and tantaloniobium ores, where the ratio is 3:1 to 20:1.

The main niobium minerals that are components of niobium ores are columbite, (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2-O6, containing 50–76 percent Nb2O5, and pyrochlore, (Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6(OH,F), in which the Nb2O5 content is 40–70 percent. Less important minerals include fergusonite, Y(Nb,Ta)O4 (38–58 percent Nb2O5); euxenite, Y(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6 (21–34 percent); and loparite, (Na,Ce,Ca) (Ti,Nb,Ta)O3 ((7–20 percent). The minimum content of Nb2O5 at which native niobium ores may be worked profitably is 0.15–0.20 percent; the average content of Nb2O5 in most niobium ore deposits is 0.2–0.6 percent. Rich deposits contain 1–4 percent Nb2O5.

At the moment no functional mechanized Niobium mine in production exist in Nigeria, incongruous to its status as one time major global Niobium Ore producer. Major suppliers to export buying companies in Nigeria are artisanal miners.

With the exception of the granite quarry much of the nations mining operations are still done by artisanal miners with crude implement thereby affecting the output of mine and leading to a situation where the mined products are sold below market price because of lack of value addition.

The development of a mechanized small scale Niobium Pentoxide (Nb2O5) concentrates mining project with a 5 ton per month capacity at the start of mining, beneficiation, processing and trading as been estimated to cost $ 400,000 - $500,000.

The local market for Niobium Ore in Nigeria is established and sustainable and the price is at an average of $7.00 per Kilogram $7,000.00 per ton average. This is about a third of what is attainable at international spot price.

One key feature of mining Niobium ore is that little quantity of the material is required to be mined in order to realize high profit margins.

The main stages of processing are:

1. Blasting
2. Crushing
3. Gravity concentration to remove the gangue minerals as well as producing a Niobium ore concentrate
4. Processing to further upgrade beneficiated ore.

Some of the investment incentives in the solid minerals industry in Nigeria include

 3-5 years Tax Holiday
 Deferred royalty payments
 Possible capitalization of expenditure on exploration and surveys
 Extension of infrastructure such as roads and electricity to mining sites, and provision of 100% foreign ownership of mining concerns.


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NIOBIUM ORE MINING AND PROCESSING IN NIGERIA; THE OPPORTUNITIES.

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