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CRACKING AND PROCESSING OF PALM KERNEL NUTS IN NIGERIA
The Oil Palm tree is one of the greatest economic assets a state or nation has, provided its importance is realized and potentials fully harnessed. Oil Palm products include Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, Palm Kernel Cake amongst other products. These can further be processed into RBD OLEIN (Cooking Oil), Vegetable Ghee, Shortenings, Margarine, CBS. CBE, Ice Cream, Dough, Creaming, Coating, and other speciality fats. Some other by-products of the Oil Palm includes Palm wine, fatty alcohols as well as intermediates. Nature so made it that all aspects of the Oil palm tree is useful and economically viable.
"Oils" is a collective term for more or less viscous, generally organic-chemical liquids. Depending on their chemical composition, a distinction may be drawn between fatty, essential, mineral and silicone oils. Fatty oils include liquid, semisolid and solid products of vegetable and animal origin. They are also known as sweet oils.Palm kernel oil is a white to yellowish oil of vegetable origin which is solid at normal temperatures and is obtained from the kernels of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). It is one of the best oils.
Palm kernel oil is different from palm oil, which is obtained from the flesh of the fruit. Four {4} products namely palm kernel oil,palm kernel cake,palm kernel sludge and palm kernel shell {crushed} which is used as a biofuel can be gotten from palm kernel nuts.
Palm kernel oil is processed to yield edible fats, soaps and candles and is used in the confectionery, pharmaceutical and perfume industries.
LOCATION, AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTION OF PALM KERNEL NUTS AND OIL:
Palm kernel nut ,a bye-product from the milling of palm oil can be sourced from oil palm plantation scattered in the rain forest region in southern Nigeria. some of the states where the nuts can be sourced include Ekiti,Edo,Ondo, Anambra, Cross River,Oyo,Abia, Enugu ETC. The nuts can be sourced bit by bit from farmers after extracting the oil from the fruits in vollages or from palm oil producing companies. The product is usually available in large quantity during raining season from may to september and extends to december.
It is important at this point to note that in the production of palm kernel nuts, we have the hand and machine cracked. The hand cracked palm kernel nuts are those gotten by the use of hand while the machine cracked is that gotten from the use of machine in the cracking process.
Though buyers usually prefer the hand cracked because the FFA {Free Fatty Acid} content is usually low due to less breakage of the nuts but can not depend only on it due to less output. Machine cracked with the advantage of more output gives high FFA content which can be controlled by reducing the breakage of nuts. The machine in question has an efficiency of 90%,that is ,if 100 KG of palm kernel{unshelled} is feed into the machine,90% of the palm kernel nut would not be broken.
The machine available for the production of palm kernel nuts is in two types, the ones that can crack and separate the nuts from the shell and the other that does not separate the nuts from the cracked shell .
The machine can be sourced from abroad or locally but the one in question is sourced locally and use a diesel powered engine to address the problem of electricity. The plant has a capacity of one {1} ton per hour and an efficiency of 90%. The plant would occupy a land area of about 15 * 10 feets but for production convenience, storage of raw material and finished products, the project should be accommodated in a land area of about 200 * 100 feets,that is ,two {2} plots of land. The raw material required to run the plant is palm kernel {unshelled} and labour required is between 2-4 persons.
For the automatic plant that separates the nuts from the cracked shell the price is about N950, 000 while the other that does not separate the nuts from the shell is about N300, 000.
A small scale investor can invest in the plant that does not separates the nuts from the shell and make money going by the fact the two machines have the same capacity.
Like the palm kernel crushing plant,the palm kernel oil expeller comes in two catergories.The 30 HP expeller machine and the 40 HP expeller machine.A nut roasting machine can be added in order to extract more oils from the nuts but these would reduce the marker value of the cake.
MARKET:
The market for palm kernel oil and palm kernel cake ,a bye-product in the milling of palm kernel oil is large ,expanding and sustainable hence driving the need for palm kernel nuts.
Nigeria with a population of over 140 million people ,an estimated national population growth rate of 5.7% per annum, an average economic growth rate of 3.5% per annum in the past five {5} years is a large market for palm kernel oil because of the numerous applications of the product ,all these makes palm kernel nuts a well soughted after product because it is the raw material used in the production of palm kernel oil and cake.
Palm kernel nuts has both local and international markets but more emphasis would be layed on the local market .
For willing,able and ready investors,we can assist in the establishment of the palm kernel crushing plant,palm oil processing plant,palm kernel oil expelling plant. We also have links with some co-operatives that can supply palm kernel nuts
Report Title: CRACKING AND PROCESSING OF PALM KERNEL NUTS IN NIGERIAProduct Code: FORA/08/2011/09
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