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WASTE PAPER TRADING AND RECYCLING IN NIGERIA.
Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Widespread use of a written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on.
The invention of paper means that more people would be educated because more books would be printed and distributed. Industry would grow because all the plans, blueprints, records and formulae it uses would be written down and saved, together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.
The primary source of raw material for production of paper is vegetable fibers, obtained mainly from plants. To ensure that the forest is not depleted of these woods, there is need to provide alternative source of raw materials, this therefore leads to the invention of the process of recycling.
Recycling, which is the extraction and recovery of valuable materials from scrap or other discarded materials, is employed to supplement the production of paper. Basically, the materials are reused, or remanufactured into new products. Some products, such as paper, plastics, glass, can be recycled or reused over and over again. This week’s SDE newspaper can be recycled into another week’s news. Many new products are being made from recovered materials.
One of the easiest, and in fact one of the oldest ways of making extra money, is by collecting old newspapers and selling them to a recycling plant or by exporting it.
Believe it or not, you can develop a very respectable income collecting and selling paper to the recycling centers. It certainly does not take any education, specialized training or experience; it's as simple as saving your old newspapers and turning them in to a central collection depot.
Do you have plies of waste newspaper in your house or you know where to get it in large quantity? Smile because you are about to make money from it.
Waste paper simply means papers that do not have any printing value. By these we have different types of waste paper namely newspapers, magazines, book etc. Some of the type of waste paper we have is classified below
Aseptic Packaging: Aseptic Packaging shall include assorted drinking box containers, the material it self contains laminates of paper, poly & metal foil.
Beer Carton Waste: Beer Carton Waste shall consist of highly printed (florescent inks) corrugated cardboard with plastic or fiber re-enforcement and hot melt glues.
May not contain over 1% glass contamination.
Bleached Cup Stock (#1 Cup): Consists of untreated cuttings or sheets of coated or uncoated cup base stock. Cuttings with slight bleed may be included. Must be free of wax, poly, and other coatings that are insoluble.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................0%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................1%
Bleached Kraft: Bleached Kraft shall consist of un-printed, un-dyed bleached Kraft fiberboard sheets or trimmings. Must be free of groundwood fibers, coatings or glues of any kind. This material must be suitable as a direct pulp substitute.
Book & Book Stock: Books & Book Stock shall consist of coated or uncoated book stock, as whole books, suitable for guillotining to remove bindings and hard covers. May include groundwood fibers.
Box Board: Box Board shall consist of clean multi-layered paperboard including folding cartons made of typical grey shoe box material, may include printed or Snow Coat boxes or box trimmings.
Box Board Cutting (Grade #4): Consists of new cuttings of paperboard used in the manufacture of folding cartons, set-up boxes and similar boxboard products.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................1%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................2%
Box Board with Foil: Boxboard with Foil shall consist of multi-layered paperboard including folding cartons made of typical gray shoe box material that has been laminated with aluminum foil, may include printed or Snow Coat boxes or box trimmings. Must be free of residual food residues or foreign materials.
Box Board with Poly :Box Board with Poly shall consist of clean multi-layered paper board including folding cartons made of typical gray shoe box material with a poly film windows or laminated blister packs, may include printed or Snow Coat boxes or box trimmings or blister card stock.
Brown Kraft: Brown Kraft shall consist of un-printed or lightly printed single wall bag Kraft, sheets, trimmings or bags. Must be free of wet strength additives.
Carbon Interleaved Ledger: Carbon Interleafed Ledger shall consist of colored or white continuous forms or snap-set carbon interleafed forms. Must be free of groundwood fibers.
Carbonless Thermal Ledger Paper: Carbonless Thermal Ledger Paper shall consist of thermal treated carbonless form papers. Must be free of groundwood fibers and free of carbon paper.
Carrier Stock: Consists of printed or unprinted, unbleached new beverage carrier sheets and cuttings .May contain wet strength additives.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................0%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................1%
Coated Book Stock (CBS): Consists of coated groundwood free paper, printed or unprinted in sheets, shavings, guillotined books and cuttings. A reasonable percentage of paper containing fine groundwood may be included.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................0%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................2%
Coated Groundwood Sections (CGS): Consists of printed, coated groundwood paper in sheets, sections, shavings or guillotined books. This grade may not include news quality groundwood paper.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................0%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................2%
Coated Soft White Shaving (SWS) :Consists of unprinted, coated, and uncoated shavings and sheets of white groundwood free printing paper. May contain a small percentage of groundwood.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................0%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................1%
Colored Envelope: Colored Envelope shall consist of clean, sorted, printed white or colored (beater dyed) envelopes or envelope cuttings. Must be free of plastic windows or water un-soluble glues. May not contain other grades of paper.
Colored Kraft: Colored Kraft shall consist of beater dyed Kraft sheet, trimmings and folded stock, may include bag liner stock but must be free of wet strength additives.
Colored Ledger: Colored Ledger shall consist of sorted, printed or unprinted colored ledger or bond writing papers. Must be free of coated or groundwood fibers. Must be free of paper clips, elastic bands and other foreign materials.
Colored Tab Cards: Colored Tab Cards shall consist of sorted manila or colored, loose or boxed computer tabulating cards. Must be free of groundwood stock. Must be free of rubber bands, paper clips and other foreign materials. Other grades of paper must be sorted & removed.
Computer Print Out (CPO) & Laser Printed White Ledger :CPO & Laser Printed White Ledger shall consist of laser printed white ledger and CPO (continuous Computer Print Outs) that can not be certified as laser free.
Deinking Grade Newspaper: Deinking Grade Newsprint shall consist of sorted, dry, un-sunburnt newspapers, free of magazines & color inserts. May not contain Over-Issue News.
Double Lined Kraft (DLK): Double Lined Kraft shall consist of clean sorted unprinted corrugated cardboard cartons, boxes, sheet or trimmings, must be Kraft or jute liner content. May not contain staples or tape, hot melt (or water insoluble) glues or any foreign materials.
Double Sorted Corrugated Container (DS OCC): Consists of double-sorted corrugated containers, generated from supermarkets and/or industrial or commercial facilities, having liners or test liner, jute, or kraft. Material has been specially sorted to be free of boxboard, offshore corrugated, plastic, and wax
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................1%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................2%
Fiber Cores: Consists of paper cores made from either chipboard and/or linerboard, single or multiple plies. Metal or plastic end caps, wood plugs, and textile residues are not acceptable in this grade.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................1%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................5%
Flyleaf Shaving: Consists of trim from magazines, catalogs and similar printed matter. May contain the bleed of cover and insert stock to a maximum of 10% dark colors. Beater-dyed paper may not exceed 2%. Shavings of novel news or newsprint grades may not be included in this grade.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................0%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................1%
Glassine: Glassine shall consist of red or white grease resistant papers & bag liners including wax paper.
Grocery Bag Scrap: Consists of new brown kraft bag cuttings, sheets and misprint bags.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................0%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................1%
Groundwood Computer Printouts (GW CPO): Consists of groundwood papers which are used in forms manufactured for use in data processing machines. This grade may contain colored stripes and impact or non-impact (e.g., laser) computer printing.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................0%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................2%
Groundwood Fiber: Groundwood Fiber shall consist of printed or un-printed, coated or un-coated groundwood fiber paper stock, may be buffed or shaved. May include book or magazine stock and trimmings that are free of glues and bindings.
Hard White Envelope Cutting (HWEC): Consists of groundwood free cuttings, shavings, or sheets of unprinted, untreated, and uncoated white envelope paper.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed...........................0%
Total Outthrows may not exceed.................................1%
Hard White Shaving: Hard White shall consist of uncoated, unprinted, ground wood free white papers and cuttings. May include bond or ledger quality papers. Must be of direct pulp substitute quality.
Kraft Board Stock: Kraft Board Stock shall consist of printed or unprinted solid Kraft board stock may include non-corrugated cartons, sheet or trimmings. Must be free of boxboard, may contain wet strength treated materials.
Kraft Envelope: Kraft Envelope shall consist of clean, sorted, un-printed Kraft envelopes or envelope cuttings. Must be free of plastic windows or water un-soluble glues. May not contain other grades of paper.
Kraft Multi-wall Bag Waste: Kraft Multi-wall Bag Waste shall consist of single or multi-wall Kraft bags, sheet or trimmings. Must be free of stitched closures.
Kraft Multi-wall Poly Bag Waste: Kraft Multi-wall Poly Bag Waste shall consist of multi-wall Kraft bags with a single layer poly liner, may include sheet or trimmings. Must be free of stitched closures.
Lightly Printed Bleached Kraft (LPBK): Lightly Printed Bleached Kraft shall consist of lightly (one side, light ink coverage) printed bleached Kraft sheets, trimmings and folded materials. Must be free of groundwood fibers, foreign material laminates and water insoluble glues.
Entrepreneur that wants to trade on other types of waste paper apart from newspaper and magazine would find shomolu in bariga local government of Lagos state very useful because that is the hub of the printing business in Nigeria and at such so much waste is generated there.
Waste paper can either be sold locally or exported mostly to India, United Arab Emirates and China where they are recycled into jumbo reel used in the production of toilet rolls and other finished products.
That the buying and selling {or export} of waste paper is a profitable venture is not a doubt but before anybody can go into the business and really make money from it ,it is important that he/she understands the rudiments of the business especially if the entrepreneur wants to export the product.
In export and import, documentation is the most difficult aspect and same is usually surrounded around terms like payment, procedure and delivery terms.
Sourcing for waste paper especially newspaper and magazine can be achieved by placing advert on newspaper or by buying directly from publishing house. It is usually sold per KG and though the price varies from place to place, seller to seller.
The cost of buying this paper is very low because they are regarded as waste, so buying it means helping to keep the environment clean but it is not going to be easy starting because there is a cartel that controls the business. Because of these, beginers would not get the quantity they might wants especially if they want to buy large quantity but with time and better negotiating skills things would improve.
The capital required to start the business would depend on the financial strength of the entrepreneur and whether or not he/she wants to sell locally or export the product. The business can be started with as low as N20, 000 {or even lower} and as high as millions of naira. Return on investment could be between 10% - 15% depending on the negotiating skills of the entrepreneur.
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WASTE PAPER TRADING AND RECYCLING IN NIGERIA.
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