Thursday, December 31, 2009

LEAD ORE PROCESSING AND EXPORT IN NIGERIA

From June, 2013 Foraminifera Market Research would start publishing our E- magazine. The magazine would focus on investment and business opportunity in Nigeria. Be the first to get hot investment and business opportunities in Nigeria by subscribing to our E- Magazine, Investing in Nigeria.

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LEAD ORE PROCESSING AND EXPORT IN NIGERIA

For the benefit of those who need to know, an attempt would be made to define mineral and metal ore. Mineral is an inorganic substance found in nature with a characteristics chemical composition and in some cases, of definite crystal structure. The earth crust contains rocks of different composition with different physical properties. Some are hard, some are soft. Rocks are the materials which the earth's upper crusts are made of. Rocks are themselves composed of minerals. Minerals are naturally occurring elements like gold, or a compound such as iron oxide.

If a rock contains a mineral from which a metal can be extracted at a profit, it is call an ore. For example, lead ore.

Uses:

Depending on the mineral that can be found in the rock, the ore can be subjected to various uses. This is due to the fact that the rocks are of different composition hence different physical properties. Lead is a major constituent of Lead- Acid battery. Lead is used as a colouring element in ceramic glazes, notably in the colors red and yellow. Lead is used as projectiles for firearms and fishing sinkers because of its density. Low cost compared to alternative products and ease of use due to relatively low melting point. Lead is also used in high voltage power cables as sheathing material to prevent water diffusion into insulation.

The Market:

The market for lead ore especially the overseas market in China is large, expanding and sustainable because of the numerous uses of ore. Buyers usually would like to secure steady source of supply of these products. An exporter that is able to secure a contract at the right price would have an uphill task meeting the demand of the buyer because the output from the mines in Nigeria is low due to the use of crude implement.

You can imagine a situation whereby the daily need of the factory of the buyer is 600/MT and the exporter would struggle to supply 500/MT on a monthly basis.

A detailed analysis of the cost and profit for the export of lead ore 50% is given below.

For Lead Ore 50%: International Market

Cost of 1 ton of Lead Ore 50% at site = N40, 000/MT

Cost of 60 tons = N2, 400,000

Cost of 2% PB =N108,000 {When price is $600 and Quantity 60 tons}

Cost of transportation to site of Crushing/loading = N10,000/3 tons

Cost of 60 tons =N200,000{ Please do know that this cost can be eliminated if the site is accessible}

Cost of Crushing @ N40/Bag = N48, 000 {Since 1 ton = 20 bags of 50 KG each}

Cost of packaging = N5000

Cost loading to the truck @ N20/ Bag = N24, 000

Cost of transportation to Warehouse/Port = N180, 000/30 tons=N360, 000/60 tons

Cost of Testing =N100, 000

Cost of Freight = N78, 000/20 FT Container {since 20 tons= one 20 FT container, N78, 000 * 3 = N234, 000

Warehousing = N100, 000

Deposition Fee = N150, 000 {Returnable after shipment of goods}

Agent Fee = N80, 000

Miscellaneous = N100, 000

Total = N3, 909,000

It is important that the exporter confirms the prices given above before going into the business because the prices of lead ore and the other services mentioned are not stable.

With a good arrangement with the forwarding agent, the exporter can eliminate the cost of warehousing and deposition fee by choosing another shipping company with good freight cost.

The miscellaneous expenses cannot be more than N70, 000 but just to be a safe side, let put it at N100, 000.

As previously stated, the price of lead ore is usually a function of the lead content in the ore and also the LME price.

For this analysis, we would assume that the lead content is 50% and exporter was able to sign a contract at the price of $600/MT and Pro Rata at $13.7/1%.Given that we are dealing with 60 tons, below are the calculations


60 * $600/MT = $36,000

@ $1= N150

$36,000 = N 5,400,000

Profit = N 5,400,000 - N3, 909,000

= N 1,491,000

This is the basic profit the exporter would make as profit without returning of the cost of 2% PB and Deposition Fee.

Knowing that the Lead content is not stable and say the actual lead content is 56% and Pro-Rata at $13.7/1%, the calculation would now be:

{56-50}% = 6%

6% *$13.7= $82.2

$600 + $82.2

= $682.2 * 60 tons = $ 40,932

@ $1=N150

= N6, 139,800

Profit = N6, 139,800 - N3, 909,000

= N2, 230,800

For Lead Ore 50% (Local Market): In the local market, delivery is usually done on Ex-warehouse basis .That is, the cost of talking the goods to the warehouse of the buyer.

The distance of the warehouse from the mine usually affects the price. Delivery can also be at site .This is a situation where the buyer is buying at the mining site of the exporter/miner. Ex-warehouse price are usually in Naira and and if the destination to be delivered to is Lagos. The price ranges from N65,000/MT - N80,000/MT depending on the negotiating skills of the seller and on the lead content.

If the seller was able to get an LPO for lead ore 50%, N65, 000/MT and Pro-Rata at N1000/1%,

Below would be the calculation

Cost of 1 ton of Lead Ore 50% at site = N40, 000/MT

Cost of 60 tons = N2, 400,000

Cost of transportation to site of Crushing/loading = N10, 000/3 tons

Cost of 60 tons =N200, 000{Please do know that this cost can be eliminated if the site is accessible}

Cost of Crushing @ N40/Bag = N48, 000 {since 1 ton = 20 bags of 50 KG each}

Cost of packaging = N5000

Cost loading to the truck @ N20/ Bag = N24, 000

Cost of transportation to Warehouse/Port = N180, 000/30 tons=N360, 000/60 tons

Miscellaneous = N100, 000

Total = N2, 677,000

Price of goods to Lagos =N65, 000 /ton= N65,000 * 60 tons = N3,900,000

Profit = N3, 900,000- N2, 677,000

= N 1,223,000

If the actual lead content is 56% and Pro-Rata at N1000/1% {56-50}%

6% * 1000 = N6000
N65, 000 + N6000
= N71, 000
N71, 000 * 60 tons = N4, 260,000
Profit = N4, 260,000 - N2, 677,000
= N1, 583,000.

The investor can choose to export the product to China or Europe where the product would be refined to get lead ingot amongst other product and sold at a higher price.

The policy of the Federal Government of Nigeria to make solid mineral sector one of the major contributors to the GDP of the nation from the present position of less than 1% is a positive sign.

Quality is the key word for the success or failure of this business .The investor must contract the services of experience firms to handle the sourcing of the product from the miners.

For a detailed Feasibility study report, which contains the contact details of buyers and sellers, profit and cost analysis for zinc and copper ore, other investment opportunities in the solid minerals like operating a mine and processing of solid minerals, managing export operations, please do contact me for further details.

*Please note that as at the time of writing this article the local currency exchange rate is about N148/$1.

To continue reading this article and other investment opportunities in Nigeria, please do click on the link below


LEAD ORE PROCESSING AND EXPORT IN NIGERIA

Do you know you can access to over 50 market intelligence reports and our monthly E- Magazine for 12 months for just N 5,000?


Click on the link below to know more about this offer.

Can you supply lead ore from Nigeria and you are seeking for export contract? Then use our business process outsourcing service. Contact us with the details given below with the subject line as LEAD ORE EXPORT IN NIGERIA: LEAD ORE EXPORT CONTRACT.

At Foraminifera Market Research {www.foramfera.com}, we provide bespoke and up to date market research reports for beginners and exporters already in the commodity export market.

Our reports are designed to assist start-ups to understand the legal and financial requirements of starting the business, the market trends vis-a-vis demand and supply, competition, risk identification and mitigation strategies. 

You can order our detailed feasibility report on the export of lead ore in Nigeria by clicking on the link below.

Report Code: FORA/08/2011/037

Do you require one- on- one training on the subject matter? Contact us with any of the details provided below to arrange a meeting

Office Phone Number: 01- 295 24 13 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 5 pm}
Mobile Number: +234 {0} 8033782777 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 6 pm}

E-Mail Address: enquiries@foramfera.com

Office Address: 

61-65 Egbe- Isolo Road,
Iyana Ejigbo Shopping Arcade,
Block C, Suit 39,
Iyana Ejigbo Bus Stop,
Ejigbo, Lagos.

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA

Our human development training programmes are designed to assist our client set-up their respective business on a sound footing. 

The training cuts across different segment of the economy to include Agriculture, Export and Import, Food and Beverage, Manufacturing, Mining and Quarry, Oil and Gas, Retail Industry, Telecommunication, Tourism and Transportation and are facilitated by seasoned professionals in their respective fields.

Please do visit the link below to access available training programmes
Foraminifera Market Research is a dynamic market intelligence company providing comprehensive market research solutions and strategic intelligence services to start-ups and existing businesses in Nigeria.

We prepare business plan, feasibility study and market report for the small and medium scale industries and develop the entrepreneurial capacity of our client with the aim of providing the much needed business data in Nigeria.

In keeping with our vision of providing services that adds value to our clients business and resources to develop their business into a strong and visible global brand, we would like to introduce to you to our sister websites

www.nigeriaoilandgasportal.com { The one stop for the oil and gas industry in Nigeria}
www.marketreportportal.com { Marketing and Sales of Market Intelligence Report}
www.nigeriabusinessplace.com {Online Business Forum}

HOW TO MAKE MONEY THROUGH HAULAGE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA

From June, 2013 Foraminifera Market Research would start publishing our E- magazine. The magazine would focus on investment and business opportunity in Nigeria. Be the first to get hot investment and business opportunities in Nigeria by subscribing to our E- Magazine, Investing in Nigeria.

SOFT COPY SUBSCRIPTION

Annual subscription x 12 issues

Never miss another issue of Investing in Nigeria magazine. Get an Annual Subscription and get Investing in Nigeria magazine delivered direct to your E- Mail Address every month!

You would also have 12 months access to over 50 market intelligence reports on our website.
N5, 000 for 12 issues
Euro 25 for 12 issues
$32 for 12 issues

Subscribe Now!

For more on our subscription and membership package, please do visit http://www.foramfera.com/index.php/membership-zone

HOW TO MAKE MONEY THROUGH HAULAGE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA

Haulage involves the transportation of goods by road and railway. It is very important to the socio-economic development of any nation and if the vision 20: 2020 of the present administration is to be achieved, the government would have to develop the transportation system . An efficient transport system is an essential component in the production and distribution of goods.

Since the collapse of the rail system in Nigeria, road haulage business has assumed a wider dimension and has become the most utilized way of intercity movement of goods and services. Goods usually convened petroleum products, building materials, containers, solid minerals, agricultural products and other finished products.

MARKET ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT

The market analysis of the project would be viewed under the following

1.Country Background
2.Market Review
3.Projected Demands
4.Competition

Country Background:

Nigeria has one the fastest growing economies in the African continents. The country is located 50 degrees north of the equator covering an area of about 923,968 square kilometers.It has boundaries with the following countries/locations :North – Republic of Niger, South – Atlantic Ocean, East – Republic of Cameroon and West – Republic of Benin.

Nigeria’s major exports are crude oil,rubber,cocoa,sesame seed,solid minerals,cotton,hides and skin etc. The country is agreesivelly developing her tourism sector.Nigeria can currently boast of over one thousand {1000} 3 star hotels and 5 star hotels scattered in different parts of the country.

The banking sector has also been fully developed to service the expanding economy.The country has about 25 commercial banks and hundreds of micro-finance banks for easy access to funds for short,medium and long term development projects to small,medium and large enterprises.

The transport sector is also receiving a major boost from the various tiers of government .Currently.more than twenty shipping lines do business in Nigeria. The country’s domestic water ways is also agreessively being developed especially with the recent dredging of the lower benue river.The country has network of roads linking the thirty-six states to each other though the state of the roads is at various stages of disrepair. Also over twenty international and fifteen domestic airlines do business in Nigeria.


Market Review:

Since the collapse of the rail system in Nigeria,more emphasis has been given to road transportation. The haulage market is national. With a population of over 140 million people,an estimated national population growth rate of 5.7% per annum and an average economic growth rate of 3.5% in the past five {5}years,Nigeria has a large ,expanding and sustainable market for haulage business.

In the northern part of the country,the products readily convened are agricultural produce and solid minerals while in the southern part of the country ,the products readily transaported are petroleum products and other finished products through the commercial and economic nerve centres of lagos,Abuja,kano,kaduna,port-harcourt,aba etc.

Nigeria has remained a strong member of various international organizations such as the Economic Community of West Africa States {ECOWAS} which allows for the free movement of people,goods and services amongst member countries hence dipping the market opportunity in the haulage business.

Project Demand:

Person and companies usually in need of haulage services include multi-national ,manufacturing companies,exporters and importers amongst others.

Generally, in Nigeria oppotunities exist in the lifting and transportation of petroleum,granite from quarry site ,sand from rivers and finished products from industries and these has lead to a broad clasification of the haulage industry into three namely

1. Tanker-Trailer
2. Tipper
3.Cranes

Tanker- Trailer: They vary in size, shape and capacity and these also affect the use to which they are put to. Tankers are usually used in the transportation of petroleum products. The size also reflects the use to which the truck might be put to as kerosene and diesel delivery trucks especially home delivery are smaller then those use filling stations. The trailer can also be used to convene agricultural products from the north to the south . If the entrepreneur intends to use the truck in the transportation of petroleum product, he/she would have to register with the National Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers {NUPENG}

Tippers: Tippers are used in the transportation of granites and sands from the quarry site and lakes respectively for use in the construction industry. To be involved in the business, you have to be registered with the quarry site you intend to lift the products from.
Cranes:Cranes are used in the lifting and transportation of heavy duty equiement like generators,transformers,containers,PHCN poles and other such heavy duty equipments.Cranes comes in different design,capacity and use.We have the 20 tons cranes,a crane that can carry 20 tons and below weight of load.The self loader,that can load it self and the low bed crane used in the transaction of other earth moving equipment like excavators and graders.

There are three {3} basic way of entering the haulage market and they include

As an Independent Operator
As a contractor or Sub-contractor
Leasing of truck to Haulage companies

Independent Operator:

As an independent operator you operate your truck and seek for contract from the multi-nationals and other interested parties on your own and get paid for deliveries made.

As an independent operator,you would do your own maintainance and repair,employ your own driver. You can decide to employ a manager who would scout for goods and also do the day to day running of the business.

As a Contractor or Sub- Contractor:

As a contractor with a multi-national or manufacturing company, you have decided to place your fleet with the company and they would manage it for you,secure the driver and the maintainance and repair and pay you every month a agreed amount ranging between N400,000 to N600,000.

Of course , you have to be registered with the company .

As a sub-contractor, you are coming under a contractor in that company to register you fleets as their own and pay you an agreed sum after taking there commission.

It is important that before going into these agreement you study the terms and conditions of the contract with your lawyers.


Leasing of truck to Haulage Companies:

Leasing out the truck to a haulage company is same as being a contractor with a multi-national .The only difference is that this time you are going to the dealing with a haulage company instead of a multi-national though the terms and condition might not be different .

Again it is important to go with your lawyer.

A lot of haulage companies exist that wants to go into partnership with truck owners.

Competition:

The enterprenuer would meet strong competition from companies already in the business especially when the enterprenuer wants to be a contractor.

For first time operator with small start-up capotal, it is better to lease the truck to a haulage company but if you have the funds to compete in the market ,go independent.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT

Just like it would be difficult to place a fixed amount as the start-up requirement ,It would be difficult also to state for sure how much to be made form the business because it depend on the method of management the enterprenuer wants to employ.

The amount of start-up requirement would depend on whether you are buying a brand new trailer,second hand popularly known as “TOKUNBO” or buying a trailer head and refurbishing the engine. The cost of a brand new ranges from N 15 Million to N20 Million depending on the brand and capacity while the cost of a second hand ranges from N6 Million to N7 Million.

However,since the enterprenuer would be buying the truck personally, the start-up capital would depend greatly on his/her negotiating skills.

The money to be made from the business depends greatly on the management style the enterprenuer wants to adopt.

If the enterprenuer choices to lease out the truck ,he/she can be making N400,000 –N600,000 monthly after deducting expenses .If a trailer travels from lagos to kano,they charge between N180,000 to N200,000 per trip but if it within lagos they charge between N40,000 to N80,000 depending on the distance and the product the truck is carrying .If it carrying petroleum product, the fee is usually high.

Tippers used in the transportation of granites and sand charge between N30,000 – N35,000 per trip.

To continue reading this article and other investment opportunities in Nigeria, please do click on the link below


HOW TO MAKE MONEY THROUGH HAULAGE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA

Get our market intelligence report on the following related topic by clicking on any of the titles below

1. SETTING UP A HAULAGE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA; THE REPORT.
At Foraminifera Market Research {www.foramfera.com}, we provide bespoke and up to date market research reports for start-ups and those already in business.

Our reports are designed to assist start-ups to understand the legal and financial requirements of starting the business, the market trends vis-a-vis demand and supply, competition, risk identification and mitigation strategies. 

Do you require one- on- one consultancy on the subject matter? Contact us with any of the details provided below to arrange a meeting

Office Phone Number: 01- 295 24 13 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 5 pm}
Mobile Number: +234 {0} 8033782777 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 6 pm}

E-Mail Address: enquiries@foramfera.com
 
Office Address: 

61-65 Egbe- Isolo Road,
Iyana Ejigbo Shopping Arcade,
Block C, Suit 39,
Iyana Ejigbo Bus Stop,
Ejigbo, Lagos.

Like and Follow us on 



HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA

Our human development training programmes are designed to assist our client set-up their respective business on a sound footing.

The training cuts across different segment of the economy to include Agriculture, Export and Import, Food and Beverage, Manufacturing, Mining and Quarry, Oil and Gas, Retail Industry, Telecommunication, Tourism and Transportation and are facilitated by seasoned professionals in their respective fields.

Please do visit the link below to access available training programmes

Foraminifera Market Research is a dynamic market intelligence company providing comprehensive market research solutions and strategic intelligence services to start-ups and existing businesses in Nigeria.

We prepare business plan, feasibility study and market report for the small and medium scale industries and develop the entrepreneurial capacity of our client with the aim of providing the much needed business data in Nigeria.

In keeping with our vision of providing services that adds value to our clients business and resources to develop their business into a strong and visible global brand, we would like to introduce to you to our sister websites

www.nigeriaoilandgasportal.com {The one stop for the oil and gas industry in Nigeria}
www.marketreportportal.com {Marketing and Sales of Market Intelligence Report}
www.nigeriabusinessplace.com {Online Business Forum}

HOW TO MAKE MONEY RE-PACKING HARDWOOD CHARCOAL FOR THE EXPORT MARKET.

From June, 2013 Foraminifera Market Research would start publishing our E- magazine. The magazine would focus on investment and business opportunity in Nigeria. Be the first to get hot investment and business opportunities in Nigeria by subscribing to our E- Magazine, Investing in Nigeria.

SOFT COPY SUBSCRIPTION

Annual subscription x 12 issues

Never miss another issue of Investing in Nigeria magazine. Get an Annual Subscription and get Investing in Nigeria magazine delivered direct to your E- Mail Address every month!

You would also have 12 months access to over 50 market intelligence reports on our website.
N5, 000 for 12 issues
Euro 25 for 12 issues
$32 for 12 issues

Subscribe Now!

For more on our subscription and membership package, please do visit http://www.foramfera.com/index.php/membership-zone

HOW TO MAKE MONEY RE-PACKING HARDWOOD CHARCOAL FOR THE EXPORT MARKET.

If only you know how bad your finances is being hurt by not tapping into the hardwood charcoal export goldmine just like some other Nigerians living abroad then you would speedy consider doing the business.

Charcoal is the blackish residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood, sugar, bone char, or other substances in the absence of oxygen (see pyrolysis, char and biochar). The resulting soft, brittle, lightweight, black, porous material resembles coal and is 85% to 98% carbon with the remainder consisting of volatile chemicals and ash.

Types of Charcoal:

Commercial charcoal is found in either lump, briquette, or extruded forms:• Lump charcoal is made directly from hardwood material and usually produces far less ash than briquettes.
• Briquettes are made by compressing charcoal, typically made from sawdust and other wood by-products, with a binder and other additives. The binder is usually starch. Some briquettes may also include brown coal (heat source), mineral carbon (heat source), borax, sodium nitrate (ignition aid), limestone (ash-whitening agent), raw sawdust (ignition aid), and other additives like paraffin or petroleum solvents to aid in ignition.

• Extruded charcoal is made by extruding either raw ground wood or carbonized wood into logs without the use of a binder. The heat and pressure of the extruding process hold the charcoal together. If the extrusion is made from raw wood material, the extruded logs are then subsequently carbonized. The characteristics of charcoal products (lump, briquette, or extruded forms) vary widely from product to product. Thus it is a common misconception to stereotype any kind of charcoal, saying which burns hotter, etc.

Charcoal is sometimes used to power commercial road vehicles—usually buses—in countries where oil is scarce or completely unavailable. In the years immediately after the Second World War, charcoal buses were in regular use in Japan and are still used today in North Korea

Uses:

An application of wood charcoal was as a constituent of gunpowder. It was also used in metallurgical operations as a reducing agent, but its application has been diminished by the introduction of coke, anthracite smalls, etc. For example, charcoal may be used to smelt a variety of metals from aluminum to copper as it burns at the necessary temperature: 1,100 °C (2,010 °F).[4] A limited quantity is made up into the form of drawing crayons; but the greatest amount is used as a fuel, which burns hotter and cleaner than wood. Charcoal is often used by blacksmiths, for cooking, and for other industrial applications.

Cooking fuel:

Charcoal briquettes are widely used for outdoor grilling and barbecue in backyards and on camping trips. In many non-industrialized countries, charcoal is used for everyday cooking by a large portion of the population. This is potentially a serious health problem when used indoors since carbon monoxide (CO) is a combustion product.Industrial fuel
A charcoal powered bus being "fired up" in post war Japan (late 1940s)Historically, charcoal was used in great quantities for smelting iron in bloomeries and later blast furnaces and finery forges. This use was replaced by coke during the Industrial Revolution. For this purpose, charcoal in England was measured in dozens (or loads) consisting of 12 sacks or shems or seams, each of 8 bushels.

Automotive fuel:

In times of scarce petroleum, automobiles and even buses have been converted to burn wood gas (gas mixture containing primarily carbon monoxide) released by burning charcoal or wood in a wood gas generator. In 1931 Tang Zhongming developed an automobile powered by charcoal, and these cars were popular in China until the 1950s. In occupied France during World War II, wood and wood charcoal production for such vehicles (called gazogènes) increased from pre-war figures of approximately fifty thousand tons a year to almost half a million tons in 1943.

Purification/Filtration :

Charcoal may be activated to increase its effectiveness as a filter. Activated charcoal readily adsorbs a wide range of organic compounds dissolved or suspended in gases and liquids. Charcoal is often used to filter water to remove bacteria and undesired tastes. In certain industrial process, such as the purification of sucrose from cane sugar, impurities cause an undesirable color, which can be removed with activated charcoal. It is also used to absorb odors and toxins in gasses, such as air. One striking example is the use of charcoal to remove the smell of maraijuana plants in small-scale residential settings. Charcoal filters are also used in some types of gas masks. The medical use of activated charcoal is mainly the adsorption of poisons, especially in the case of suicide attempts in which the patient has ingested a large amount of a drug.

Activated charcoal is available without a prescription, so it is used for a variety of health-related applications. For example, it is often used to reduce discomfort (and embarrassment) due to excessive gas in the digestive tract.Animal charcoal or bone black is the carbonaceous residue obtained by the dry distillation of bones. It contains only about 10% carbon, the remainder being calcium and magnesium phosphates (80%) and other inorganic material originally present in the bones.

It is generally manufactured from the residues obtained in the glue and gelatin industries. Its decolorizing power was applied in 1812 by Derosne to the clarification of the syrups obtained in sugar refining; but its use in this direction has now greatly diminished, owing to the introduction of more active and easily managed reagents. It is still used to some extent in laboratory practice. The decolorizing power is not permanent, becoming lost after using for some time; it may be revived, however, by washing and reheating. Wood charcoal also to some extent removes coloring material from solutions, but animal charcoal is generally more effective.

Art:

Charcoal is used in art for drawing, making rough sketches in painting and is one of the possible media for making a parsemage. It must usually be preserved by the application of a fixative. Artists generally utilize charcoal in three forms:

• Vine charcoal is created by burning sticks of wood (usually willow or linden/Tilia) into soft, medium, and hard consistencies.

• Compressed charcoal charcoal powder mixed with gum binder compressed into round or square sticks. The amount of binder determines the hardness of the stick. Compressed charcoal is used in charcoal pencils.

• Powdered charcoal is often used to "tone" or cover large sections of a drawing surface. Drawing over the toned areas will darken it further, but the artist can also lighten (or completely erase) within the toned area to create lighter tones.

Horticulture:

One additional use of charcoal rediscovered recently is in horticulture. Although American gardeners have been using charcoal for a short while, research on Terra preta soils in the Amazon has found the widespread use of biochar by pre-Columbian natives to turn otherwise unproductive soil into very rich soil. The technique may find modern application, both to improve soils and as a means of carbon sequestration.

Medicine:

Charcoal was consumed in the past as dietary supplement for gastric problems in the form of charcoal biscuits. Now it can be consumed in tablet, capsule or powder form, for digestive benefits. Charcoal absorbs gases and toxins to help heartburn, flatulence or indigestion

Smoking:

Special charcoals are used in the smoking of the Hookah. Lit coals are placed on top of foil, which is placed over the bowl of tobacco, and through indirect heat "cook" the tobacco to a temperature that produces smoke, but does not burn.

The investor can benefit from these business by buying from Nigeria in bulk and re-packaging it in 2 KG ,5 KG depending on the agreement with the buyer.The investor can start with one container that takes between N500,000 to N600,000 to process and can make 30%-40% return on investment.


To continue reading this article and other investment opportunities in Nigeria, please do click on the link below

HOW TO MAKE MONEY RE-PACKING HARDWOOD CHARCOAL FOR THE EXPORT MARKET.


Do you know you can access to over 50 market intelligence reports and our monthly E- Magazine for 12 months for just N 5,000?
Click on the link below to know more about this offer.



Can you supply hardwood charcoal from Nigeria and you are seeking for export contract? Then use our business process outsourcing service. Contact us with the details given below with the subject line as HARDWOOD CHARCOAL EXPORT IN NIGERIA: HARDWOOD CHARCOAL EXPORT CONTRACT.

At Foraminifera Market Research {www.foramfera.com}, we provide bespoke and up to date market research reports for beginners and exporters already in the commodity export market.

Our reports are designed to assist start-ups to understand the legal and financial requirements of starting the business, the market trends vis-a-vis demand and supply, competition, risk identification and mitigation strategies. 

You can order our detailed feasibility report on the export of hardwood charcoal in Nigeria by clicking on the link below.

Report Code: FORA/08/2011/030

Do you require one- on- one training on the subject matter? Contact us with any of the details provided below to arrange a meeting

Office Phone Number: 01- 295 24 13 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 5 pm}
Mobile Number: +234 {0} 8033782777 {Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 6 pm}

E-Mail Address: enquiries@foramfera.com

Office Address: 

61-65 Egbe- Isolo Road,
Iyana Ejigbo Shopping Arcade,
Block C, Suit 39,
Iyana Ejigbo Bus Stop,
Ejigbo, Lagos.

Like and Follow us on 



HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA

Our human development training programmes are designed to assist our client set-up their respective business on a sound footing.

The training cuts across different segment of the economy to include Agriculture, Export and Import, Food and Beverage, Manufacturing, Mining and Quarry, Oil and Gas, Retail Industry, Telecommunication, Tourism and Transportation and are facilitated by seasoned professionals in their respective fields.

Please do visit the link below to access available training programmes

Foraminifera Market Research is a dynamic market intelligence company providing comprehensive market research solutions and strategic intelligence services to start-ups and existing businesses in Nigeria.

We prepare business plan, feasibility study and market report for the small and medium scale industries and develop the entrepreneurial capacity of our client with the aim of providing the much needed business data in Nigeria.

In keeping with our vision of providing services that adds value to our clients business and resources to develop their business into a strong and visible global brand, we would like to introduce to you to our sister websites

www.nigeriaoilandgasportal.com { The one stop for the oil and gas industry in Nigeria}
www.marketreportportal.com { Marketing and Sales of Market Intelligence Report}
www.nigeriabusinessplace.com {Online Business Forum}

HOW TO MAKE MONEY CRACKING AND PROCESSING OF PALM KERNEL NUTS

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CRACKING AND PROCESSING OF PALM KERNEL NUTS IN NIGERIA

The Oil Palm tree is one of the greatest economic assets a state or nation has, provided its importance is realized and potentials fully harnessed. Oil Palm products include Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, Palm Kernel Cake amongst other products. These can further be processed into RBD OLEIN (Cooking Oil), Vegetable Ghee, Shortenings, Margarine, CBS. CBE, Ice Cream, Dough, Creaming, Coating, and other speciality fats. Some other by-products of the Oil Palm includes Palm wine, fatty alcohols as well as intermediates. Nature so made it that all aspects of the Oil palm tree is useful and economically viable.

"Oils" is a collective term for more or less viscous, generally organic-chemical liquids. Depending on their chemical composition, a distinction may be drawn between fatty, essential, mineral and silicone oils. Fatty oils include liquid, semisolid and solid products of vegetable and animal origin. They are also known as sweet oils.Palm kernel oil is a white to yellowish oil of vegetable origin which is solid at normal temperatures and is obtained from the kernels of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). It is one of the best oils.

Palm kernel oil is different from palm oil, which is obtained from the flesh of the fruit. Four {4} products namely palm kernel oil,palm kernel cake,palm kernel sludge and palm kernel shell {crushed} which is used as a biofuel can be gotten from palm kernel nuts.

Palm kernel oil is processed to yield edible fats, soaps and candles and is used in the confectionery, pharmaceutical and perfume industries.

LOCATION, AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTION OF PALM KERNEL NUTS AND OIL:

Palm kernel nut ,a bye-product from the milling of palm oil can be sourced from oil palm plantation scattered in the rain forest region in southern Nigeria. some of the states where the nuts can be sourced include Ekiti,Edo,Ondo, Anambra, Cross River,Oyo,Abia, Enugu ETC. The nuts can be sourced bit by bit from farmers after extracting the oil from the fruits in vollages or from palm oil producing companies. The product is usually available in large quantity during raining season from may to september and extends to december.

It is important at this point to note that in the production of palm kernel nuts, we have the hand and machine cracked. The hand cracked palm kernel nuts are those gotten by the use of hand while the machine cracked is that gotten from the use of machine in the cracking process.

Though buyers usually prefer the hand cracked because the FFA {Free Fatty Acid} content is usually low due to less breakage of the nuts but can not depend only on it due to less output. Machine cracked with the advantage of more output gives high FFA content which can be controlled by reducing the breakage of nuts. The machine in question has an efficiency of 90%,that is ,if 100 KG of palm kernel{unshelled} is feed into the machine,90% of the palm kernel nut would not be broken.

The machine available for the production of palm kernel nuts is in two types, the ones that can crack and separate the nuts from the shell and the other that does not separate the nuts from the cracked shell .

The machine can be sourced from abroad or locally but the one in question is sourced locally and use a diesel powered engine to address the problem of electricity. The plant has a capacity of one {1} ton per hour and an efficiency of 90%. The plant would occupy a land area of about 15 * 10 feets but for production convenience, storage of raw material and finished products, the project should be accommodated in a land area of about 200 * 100 feets,that is ,two {2} plots of land. The raw material required to run the plant is palm kernel {unshelled} and labour required is between 2-4 persons.

For the automatic plant that separates the nuts from the cracked shell the price is about N950, 000 while the other that does not separate the nuts from the shell is about N300, 000.

A small scale investor can invest in the plant that does not separates the nuts from the shell and make money going by the fact the two machines have the same capacity.

Like the palm kernel crushing plant,the palm kernel oil expeller comes in two catergories.The 30 HP expeller machine and the 40 HP expeller machine.A nut roasting machine can be added in order to extract more oils from the nuts but these would reduce the marker value of the cake.

MARKET:

The market for palm kernel oil and palm kernel cake ,a bye-product in the milling of palm kernel oil is large ,expanding and sustainable hence driving the need for palm kernel nuts.

Nigeria with a population of over 140 million people ,an estimated national population growth rate of 5.7% per annum, an average economic growth rate of 3.5% per annum in the past five {5} years is a large market for palm kernel oil because of the numerous applications of the product ,all these makes palm kernel nuts a well soughted after product because it is the raw material used in the production of palm kernel oil and cake.

Palm kernel nuts has both local and international markets but more emphasis would be layed on the local market .

For willing,able and ready investors,we can assist in the establishment of the palm kernel crushing plant,palm oil processing plant,palm kernel oil expelling plant. We also have links with some co-operatives that can supply palm kernel nuts

Report Title: CRACKING AND PROCESSING OF PALM KERNEL NUTS IN NIGERIAProduct Code: FORA/08/2011/09

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA

Our human development training programmes are designed to assist our client set-up their respective business on a sound footing.

The training cuts across different segment of the economy to include Agriculture, Export and Import, Food and Beverage, Manufacturing, Mining and Quarry, Oil and Gas, Retail Industry, Telecommunication, Tourism and Transportation and are facilitated by seasoned professionals in their respective fields.

Please do visit the link below to access available training programmes

Foraminifera Market Research is a dynamic market intelligence company providing comprehensive market research solutions and strategic intelligence services to start-ups and existing businesses in Nigeria.

We prepare business plan, feasibility study and market report for the small and medium scale industries and develop the entrepreneurial capacity of our client with the aim of providing the much needed business data in Nigeria.

In keeping with our vision of providing services that adds value to our clients business and resources to develop their business into a strong and visible global brand, we would like to introduce to you to our sister websites

www.nigeriaoilandgasportal.com { The one stop for the oil and gas industry in Nigeria}
www.marketreportportal.com { Marketing and Sales of Market Intelligence Report}
www.nigeriabusinessplace.com {Online Business Forum}